| Sections: A - ANIMATED INTROS and B - GAMES OR HIGHLY INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS Theme "ENVIRONMENT: VICES AND VIRTUES" REFERENCE TEXT |
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The International contest The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, established the features of a global action plan for environment protection. At the end of the conference a document, called Agenda 21, was signed by all the participating chiefs of State. Agenda 21 encourages governments to develop environmental policies, involving all economic and social branches in the promotion of actions of protection, salvage and management of land resources. 10 years after the 1st Conference, the United Nations organized a second meeting in Johannesburg in September 2002. This meeting was crucial in order to make the point on the commitment of States in environmental policies and to launch new strategies. Different expressions have been used to define sustainable development. The most famous is contained in the Bruntland Report Our Common Future (1987) and is re-proposed by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development of Rio de Janeiro (1992), which defines sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The preface to the Bruntland Commission Report was an acknowledgment that the future of mankind is in danger. Our Common Future opened with the statement that we all depend on bio-sphere for our lives. However, every community, every country struggles for survival and prosperity with little respect for the impact on others. Some are using up the resources of the Earth at such a pace that few will be left for future generations. The others, much more numerous, consume too little and live with the nightmare of starvation, squalor, disease and premature death. A more specific definition is contained in the paragraph The concept of sustainable development, which declares that a sustainable development demands that the primary needs of everybody are satisfied and that the opportunity of realising aspirations for a better life is offered to everybody A sustainable development must not, at least, damage natural systems that are the basis of life on Earth, i.e. the atmosphere, the waters, the soil and the living beings. There are no fixed limits to population growth and exploitation of land resources, beyond which the ecologic disaster takes place. Different limits to energy, raw materials, water and soil exploitation could be established. They would determine rising costs and decreasing profits, instead of causing a sudden disappearance of a basis of resource. Knowledge and technology progress can increase the capacity of preserving such basis; but ultimate limits exist, and sustainability demands that, before reaching these limits, the world guarantees equal access to limited resources and re-orientates technological efforts in order to alleviate pressures on the environment. In fact, sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the results of investments, the course of technological development and institutional change are in reciprocal harmony and increase the current and future potential of satisfaction of human needs and aspirations. At the conference in Rio the Framework convention on climate change was also ratified. Though it did not legally bind the signing countries, it hoped for a reduction of carbon dioxide in 2000 to the levels of 1990. The Framework convention on climate change has also established The Conference of the Parties, with the aim to examine the implementation of the convention and of any related legal document adopted by the conference. The most famous session of the conference of parties was held in Kyoto in 1997 and resulted in the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol defined, for the first time, quantitative objectives in the reduction of altering climate emissions until 2010. Europe and sustainable development In the latest years, the European Union has actively operated to retain Agenda 21, signed at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, among its political priorities. The concept of sustainability, from a sheer principle, is beginning to underlie strategies, objectives, financial support and international agreements. The programme that laid the basis for a deeply innovative development strategy in comparison with the previous actions of the European Union is the 5th Action Programme (1992-2000) "Towards sustainable development". The Programme identifies five key target sectors (industry, energy, transport, agriculture and tourism), seven themes and targets (climate change, acidification and air quality, nature and bio-diversity protection, management of water resources, city environment, coastal zones, waste management) and three areas of specific attention with respect to risk management (Industry-Related Risks, Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection, Civil Protection and Environmental Emergencies). Recently, the preparatory document to the European Council in Goteborg (2001), on Sustainable Development in Europe for a better world: European Union Strategy for sustainable development, is a further step toward the proposal of a long-term strategy aimed at co-ordinating policies for a sustainable development. The European Union strategy tends to integrate the economic, the environmental and the social components of sustainable development. The document declares that sustainable development offers the European Union a long-lasting positive view of a more prosperous and fairer society, with the promise of a cleaner, safer and healthier environment: a society that grants a better quality of life for us, for our children and for our grandchildren. In order to achieve these long-term goals, economic growth, social cohesion and environment protection must evolve in parallel ways. This is the contest in which the Sixth Action Programme on Environment: "Environment 2010: our future, our choice" developed. It defines the objectives and the environment priorities that will be the main part of the European Union's strategy for sustainable development and the measures that will have to be taken. The new Programme identifies 4 priority action areas: - Climate change - Nature and biodiversity - Environment and Health - Natural resources and waste In conclusion, a further document of the European Commission on local sustainability should be considered: the Communication "Community Framework for Cooperation to Promote Sustainable Urban Development". In particular, in order to protect and enhance city environment, the document declares: The achievement of sustainable development is dependent on pursuing a policy direction which integrates social, economic and environmental dimensions in a manner which reduces the ecological footprints of cities while offering vitality and quality of life for businesses and citizens. The EU action should contribute to the attainment of the following goals: - to improve the quality of air in the urban areas, the reliability and quality of drinking water, the protection and the management of surface and ground waters; to reduce the quantity of waste and noise pollution; - to protect and enhance the environment modified by man and the cultural heritage; encourage bio-diversity and multiply greenfield sites in urban areas; - to implement sustainable construction measures i.e. design/construction of buildings minimising resource inputs and running costs and maximising potential for re-use/recycling of material; to reduce uncontrolled urban development to the minimum ; - to limit the negative effects of transport on environment, in particular with economic development policies based on a less intensive use of transport and encouraging the use of more effective means of transportation in terms of long-lasting effects on the environment; - to improve the results of companies in terms of environment compatibility through the adoption of an effective management of the environment in all sectors; - to reduce the gas emissions responsible for the greenhouse effect in urban areas in a considerable way, especially through a rational use of energy , by recurring to renewable energy resources, to the production of combined energy (heat and electricity) and by reducing waste; - to reduce environmental risks to the minimum and manage these risks in urban areas; - to promote management strategies in the most integrated urban areas, sustainable from an environmental point of view; in the functional urban areas, to promote development strategies compatible with ecosystems. These should take into consideration the dependence of city and the country, improving in this way the existing links between urban centres and the countryside. The Commitment of Italy The National Plan for Sustainable Development (1993) is the first document of the Italian Government about sustainable development in accordance with the directions of the European 5th Action Programme on Environment. The Ministry for Environment and Soil Protection recently published the document Environmental action strategy for sustainable development in Italy that establishes the criteria to promote sustainable development in Italy. The document identifies the indicators of sustainability established by the Ministry for Environment on the basis of the information contained in the Report on the State of the Environment in Italy in Year 2000 and the indicators selected by the European Commission. The Ministry for Environment has subdivided the indicators into four themes: - climate and atmosphere - nature and biodiversity - quality of the environment and quality of life in city environment - resources exploitation and waste production These themes are the same presented by the 6th Framework Programme on Environment of the European Union. The process of Local Agenda 21 Local Agenda 21 is the local translation of UN Agenda 21 Programme and is shared on a local basis by all components of the community in order to develop a programme of actions and plans aimed at environmental, social and economical sustainability in the territory. In particular, paragraph 28 of Agenda 21 commits local authorities (Regioni, Comuni and Province) to open confrontation with their citizens, with local associations and private companies and to adopt a Local Agenda 21. The Aalborg (DK) Conference in may 1994 (600 participants from 30 European countries) drew up a Charter of commitments and programmes (Aalborg Charter), inviting all cities and metropolitan areas that intend to commit themselves in sustainability to sign it. The Charter defines the concept of sustainability, identifies the environmental responsibilities of cities and encourages them to develop actions and policies toward sustainable cities. Modena Province Agenda 21 Modena Province and Modena Commune were the first local authorities to adhere to the principle and objectives of Aalborg Charter for sustainable development. Modena Province came to the decision of establishing a programme of Agenda 21 in its territory (with the signing of Aalborg Charter in 1996) after developing tools for improving environmental policies such as environmental monitoring, planning and management of water resources and waste, and the support to social, economical actors and institutions. Modena Province Agenda 21 is the natural consequence of a commitment, and an occasion to re-launch environmental policies that start from the expectations of territories, in order to foster sustainable development. The process of Agenda 21 has resulted in the institution of The Environment and Sustainable Development Forum and has defined a framework of objectives, strategies and actions towards sustainable development through the Action Plan. As well as the activity of the Forum and the promotion of parallel support actions aimed at seeking the participation of local actors, some instruments and methodologies have been developed: - Report on the greenhouse effect in Modena province, an instrument aimed at representing the effects on atmosphere produced by fossil fuels for auto-traction (transportation?), industry and heating, the main cause of climate change - A system of "environmental accounting" for Modena Province: the environmental budget/financial statement enclosed to the annual budget/financial statement with the aim to examine resources extraction (input) and emissions in the environment (output) according to the data collected by the different departments of the administration. The environmental budget/financial statement is a part of a more complex accounting system for local authorities and an important basis for the acquisition of environmental data and for their monitoring. Thanks to this, it is possible to identify annual trends and objectives and actions for the following years on the principal themes (energy, water, recycled materials, emissions in the atmosphere, waste) in order to improve the results in environmental policies on the part of Modena Province. - The periodical Report on the State of the Environment in Modena Province, the theme for section A (intro) and B (highly interactive games and applications) of the second edition of AniMOweb contest First report on the state of the environment in Modena province (1983 e 1988) The first report on the state of the environment was published in 1983 and subsequently updated in 1988. These are the titles of the chapters of the booklet, in order to get an idea of the themes dealt with: - Introduction - A socio-economical sketch of Modena province - The state of waters in Modena province - The state of soil in Modena province - The state of air in Modena province - The state of flora (vegetation) and fauna (animal life) in Modena province - Sites of historic and natural interest in Modena province - The state of the population in Modena province - Energy in Modena province Second report on the state of the environment in Modena province (1997) The second report was presented in July 1997, after a group of technicians and experts had been working for three years. The volume contains more than 600 pages of reports, data and comments. Different institutions took part in this research : Arpa, Emilia Romagna Region, Azienda Usl, the Universities of Modena, Bologna, Parma and Pisa, Modena Commune and Carpi Commune, Consorzio Bonifica Burana, The Chamber of Commerce, State Forestat Guards, Enel and Atcm in Modena. The volume examines the main indicators of the state of the environment: the quality of air and waters, noise pollution, the geological risk (about 500 landslides have been examined in the territory of Modena province), the risk concerning seismic activity, the situation of vegetation (flora) (154 species of plants are risking extinction) and of animal life (fauna) (the extinct species and the species risking extinction in Modena territory have been listed). For each theme the results of research in the latest years, with comments and an analysis, have been discussed. Part of the research has been dedicated to the environmental impact of economic activities: chemistry in agriculture, cattle breeding, industry, with a specific chapter on floor tiles industry (in 1996 the production of floor tiles reached the acme with a number of 554 million square metres) and textile industry in Carpi area. Resources extraction, use of land resources, the problem of transport, waste production and management have been considered as well. A section is dedicated to the impact on environment of distribution networks (commercial centres). In the last section the programmes of protection, the existing laws on environmental issues, the reorganization of services, the environmental education initiatives, the civil protection role and the territory planning on the part of the Province are examined. The report includes the following projects (updated July 1997): protected areas, up to the 6,7% of the territory, the salvage of 52 sites contaminated with industrial toxic waste, the regulation of pig breeding waste waters, the development of organic agriculture and the territory Plan aimed at providing guidelines for municipalities in terms of environment protection. The volume also contains a research on the environmental costs. The indicator was the expenditure of municipalities for environment protection: urban waste management, sewage costs, expenses for green areas, territory planning. The 50% of the expenditure converges on the municipalities of Modena, Sassuolo, Carpi and Formigine. In conclusion, the chapter of the second report are about the following themes: STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT - natural environment - environment modified by man - quality of environment - health (care) CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENT DETERIORATION - agriculture, cattle breeding, silviculture - industry, extractive activities, and energy - Tertiary activities OBJECTIVES, PROGRAMMES, ACTIONS - Information, research, education - legal instruments for environment protection - economical aspects - programmes and actions Third report on the state of the environment in Modena province (2004) This report will be published in February 2004. It will be a photograph of the state of the environment focusing on the themes developed by the previous two reports. At the same time objectives, programmes and actions in progress will be illustrated. In comparison with the previous reports, this report will have a specific main theme, that is the "ecological footprint" of man activities on Modena territory, according to the parameters of sustainable development defined by international, national and local organizations. Since the report will not be ready until the end of 2003, there is no compatibility with the deadlines of AniMOweb contest. In order to supply the necessary information to the participants of the contest, we recommend to refer to the general plan of research underlying the third report on the state of the environment in Modena province. Here is a summary of this complex plan. Objectives To observe, analyse and predict the evolution of the model of "real" development in Modena territory in relationship with the principles of sustainability identified at an international level (charter of the principles of sustainability and Agenda 21 approved at Rio de Janeiro Conference in 1992 and promoted by UN, Aalborg Charter adopted in 1994 by the European Cities towards an urban model of sustainability, Goteborg Charter approved by the European Regions, etc.) on the basis of an appropriate kit of sustainability indicators and simulation models suitable for a vast area like a province. Content of the research The study, carried out through the sustainability indicators suggested by the European Union and completed by a further kit of indicators (also some economic-social indicators) selected among those indicated by the document "Environmental action strategies for sustainable development in Italy" by the Ministry of Environment, should photograph the state of the environment and the relationship between the environment, the society, the economy of the examined area. It should also test the coherency of the situation with the sustainability principles and make a diagnosis of its evolution in time. The research identifies meaningful indicators of "reality", synthesis indicators of sustainability, dynamic and mathematical models that simulate the way interactions between the components take place, in order to predict future scenarios in the long and middle term (2030 and 2010). The study will have to take into consideration similar realities in Europe and the interactions between the province and other territories, like the Region. It should also take into consideration the waters, the ecosystems, the traffic, the industrial areas, etc. Area examined by the study The study will examine the entire territory of Modena province, that is a large area embodying the development model typical of Emilia Romagna Region. It will subdivide the province into 7 homogeneous areas: - Modena area (City of Modena) - Ceramic floor tiles area (Sassuolo, Fiorano, Maranello, Formigine), with attention to the part of Reggio Emilia territory included in this district. - Vignola area (Vignola, Castelvetro, Castelnuovo, Savignano s/P, Spilamberto) - Carpi area (Carpi, Campogalliano, Soliera, Novi) - North Mirandola area and its nine municipalities. - Castelfranco Emilia area (Castelfranco, San Cesario s/P, Nonantola, Ravarino, Bomporto, Bastiglia) - Hillside and mountain area with its 18 municipalities. This will permit to compare the results of the research in homogeneous areas within Modena province territory and , through synthesis results, with the data of other Provinces in Emilia Romagna, in Italy or in Europe. Final outcomes of the report 1) report on the shared indicators of sustainability of European cities or of unions of cities with more than 60.000 inhabitants (metropolitan systems: Modena, Carpi, Sassuolo); 2) report on the ecological footprint in the province and in the 7 homogeneous areas according to their development model; 3) report on a limited number of traditional indicators of state, pressure and response (nr. 30 ? 40). 4) Dynamic model for the prediction of future scenarios in the middle term 2010 - 2030 and calculations on the province territory and on the homogeneous areas; 5) Organising scheme of an observatory of the development model according to the most significant indicators with an analysis of their interrelations and of simulations of future scenarios; Partners The research is promoted by : Emilia Romagna Region, Modena Province, Modena City, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and is carried out by Associazione Mario del Monte in Modena. Data sources Data will be collected on a 10-years time basis (1992 - 2002) to permit syntheses on a middle- long term basis (2010 - 2030). The data sources are available from the participants in the study and in particular: - ARPA (Agenzia Regionale Prevenzione Ambiente, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention) for the measurements of the quality of air, water, soil, noise, health; - AESS (Agenzia per l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, Agency for Energy and Sustainable Development) for the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions; - Modena Province for the data on the use of the territory, industrial management, waters, waste, cultivations, protected areas, environmental risks and soil defence; - Modena University for the data on the menaced species (animal biology) and economic data (Faculty of Economics); - Municipalities with more than 40.000 inhabitants for the indicators on urban sustainability. Dynamic Model for the analysis of development sustainability in the province of Modena The model has the following objectives: - To highlight the existing interrelations between the different dimensions of sustainability: pressure on the environment of the economic development, potential repercussions/disequilibria on the model of population settlement (desertion of mountain areas), on the job market (increasing demand of immigrant workers), and so on. - To create scenarios of trends on the development of the local system in the middle and long term with unvaried environmental and local policies; this will be useful to determine environmental, economical and social costs if such policies are continued. - To develop alternative scenarios on the development in Modena, taking into consideration different local and environmental policies, both in terms of environmental, economical and social costs reduction and of a possible minor economical and occupational growth. The indicators of the third report on the environment state of Modena province Most indicators are not easily comprehensible for non-experts. We hope the following list will be a help to focus on the problem, to get more complete information and give an idea of the data illustrated in the report. Those who are interested in asking questions can contact us. Their questions will be included in the Frequently Asked Questions section. CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERE 1) Tons of oil consumed (transportation, industrial activities, agricultural activities, city life) Total energy consumed 2) Carbon dioxide emissions from consumed energy 3) Renewable energy resources contribution to the energy statement of the province (solar energy, wood fuels and vegetal biomasses) 4) Emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and azote dioxide from waste treatment and agriculture 5) Total emissions of carbon dioxide 6) emissions/absorptions of carbon dioxide by soil and forests 7) ozone and carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere 8) recycled chlorofluorocarbons (refrigerating circuits and recycled refrigerators, tin collection) NATURE AND BIO-DIVERSITY 9) percentage of menaced vegetable and animal species on the total of species living in the province of Modena 10) surface dedicated to agriculture 11) surface dedicated to forestation 12) surface dedicated to urban areas 13) surface dedicated to wild life 14) surface dedicated to organic agriculture 15) Nr. of protected areas and surface of the territory dedicated to protected areas and parks; percentage in the provincial territory 16) Index of danger from natural calamities/disasters: flood devastations, seism disasters, wood fire 17) Areas recovered from deterioration or re-used QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT - URBAN ENVIRONMENT (FOR MUNICIPALITIES OR GROUPS OF MUNICIPALITIES WITH MORE THAN 60.000 INHABITANTS) 18) Level of satisfaction of city inhabitants 19) local contribution to carbon dioxide emissions (traffic, heating appliances) 20) index of motor vehicles in local mobility and transport 21) Accessibility to green areas, historic-cultural facilities, services 22) Nr. of days with good air quality 23) House-to-school mobility 24) Private and public companies with environmental or social certification (EMAS, ISO) 25) Exposition of population to noise pollution 26) Natural areas (in the urban context) protected from urban expansion/ deteriorated or contaminated areas (in the urban context) now recovered and re-used 27) Diffusion of sustainable products QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT .- ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROVINCE AREA 28) subdivision of the territory in areas and recovering plans in the areas with more noise pollution 29) Pollution of subterranean and surface waters 30) Nr. of days in which levels of air pollutants are above established limits 31) Nr. of good practice experiences for sustainability 32) Nr. of inspections and preventing controls on environmental illegal activities; nr. of violations RESOURCES AND WASTE 33) ecological footprint (surface per person in square metres) 34) Water supply report (reserve, annual consumption, rains and level of the water supply) 35) Percentage of city population using depurator 36) Total waste production; production per person; waste production/GDP unity 37) Global recycling collection of waste and recycling collection of waste per person 38) Hazardous waste/total waste 39) Total consumption of energy with respect to GDP (Gross Domestic Product, that is the final outcome of production activities of the resident producing units) 40) Index of bio-potential of the territory (indicators of the capability of the territory of keeping the state of equilibrium at the moment of the analysis). HEALTH CARE AND ECONOMICAL INDICATORS 41) level of income concentration (Gini index) 42) provincial added value of economical activities (the added value is the compound data that permits the evaluation of the growth of the economic system in terms of goods and services at the disposal of the community, resulting from the difference between the production of goods and services by each sector of production and the value of intermediate goods and services used by these) 43) percentage of diseases deriving from pollution and life style (diseases deriving potentially from the environment) 44) structure of population (nr. of elderly people and youngsters) Modena Province: the territory and the social and economical characteristics (updated to november 1999)
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| SECTION B (games): all the guidelines (indications, text and images) | |
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| SECTIONS A (intro) and B (games): reference text | |
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| SECTIONS A (intro) and B (games): images | |
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| SECTION C (short films): general indications | |
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| SECTION A (intro), B (games) and C (short films): MPG movies | |
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31st August 2006 - aniMOweb 4th edition DVD published. 7th July 2006 - AniMOweb 4th Edition (on the themes of War and Peace) Prize Awarding. The report, the video, the photos. 29th June 2006 - The final events of aniMOweb 4th Edition: the report and the video about the meetings and the seminars. 21st April 2006 - aniMOweb 4th edition: the decision of the jury 20th April 2006 - The audience prize to Loriana Aprea, Manuel Fallmann, Paola Ambrosecchia and Loredana Costi 14th March 2006 - The aniMOweb 4th edition prize winners 20th February 2006 - The events of the three concluding days of aniMOweb, from 9th to 11th March 19th December 2005 - aniMOweb presents the works of 4th Edition 6th December 2005 - The jury of aniMOweb 4th Edition 15th November 2005 - Interview with Mimmo Cąndito 14th November 2005 - Towards the deadline of 4th December 3rd November 2005 - Interview with Modena CSV 5th October 2005 - Group interview with aniMOweb 2004 prize winners 7th September 2005 - Interview with Matteo Bittanti 30th June 2005 - The fourth edition of AniMOweb opens and the theme is about peace 1st June 2005 - 4th Edition of aniMOweb on the themes of War and Peace |
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Last update Venerdì 5 Aprile, 2002